The Standish Group concluded that there are five metrics to determine the chance of success: project size (in terms of the number or people and duration), project management methodology, skills of the team, skills of the product owner, and the organisation’s maturity. The success rates swing from 1 to 81% depending on the extremes, but a study found that exellence may bring the success rate to 95% (Gaikema et al. 2019). Also, an investigation on IT project failures in Malaysia found that, besides a lack of skills, problems such as scope creep, poor specifications, lack of support, and turnover are the most commonly reported issues (Sarif et al. 2018). Kasser&Williams (1998), a baseline for older studies, identifies “poor requirements” as the only frequent technical reason for failure, followed by “human” reasons such as a lack of communication or good project management practices.
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